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Abstract: The research presented in this paper provides the
reader with a set of algorithms and techniques that enable the user
to remotely determine what chipset and device driver an 802.11
device is using. The technique outlined is entirely passive, and
given the amount of features that are being considered for inclusion
into the 802.11 standard, seems quite likely that it will increase
in precision as the standard marches forward.
The implications of this are far ranging. On one hand, the
techniques can be used to implement innovative new features in
Wireless Intrusion Detection Systems (WIDS). On the other, they can
be used to target link layer device driver attacks with much higher
precision.
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1. SimpleCompare duration-value onlyanalysis
Figure 4.2. SimpleCompare (packet type, duration) analysis
Figure 4.3. MediumCompare duration-value only analysis
Figure 4.4. MediumCompare (packet_type, duration)
analysis
Figure 4.5. CompleCompare duration-value only analysis
Figure 4.6. ComplexCompare (packet_type, duration) analysis
Figure 4.7. BayesCompare duration value only analysis
Figure 4.8. BayesCompare (packet_type, duration) analysis
Figure 4.9. BayesCompare-Modified duration value only
analysis
Figure 4.10. BayesCompare-Modified (packet-type, duration)
analysis
LIST OF TABLES
4.1 Summary of databases created
4.2 Implementation-Id: 1 (Atheros, ar5211.sys), database:
Lexie
4.3 Implementation-Id: 9 (Prism-2.5, smc2532w.sys),
database: Lexie
4.4 Implementation-Id: 1 (Atheros, ar5211.sys), database:
Lexie
4.5 Implementation-Id: 1 (Atheros, ar5211.sys), database:
Lexie
5.1 Ordered list generated from a matching metric.
5.2 SimpleCompare, duration values only
5.3 SimpleCompare, (packet_type, duration) pairs only
5.4 SimpleCompare combined.
5.5 MediumCompare, (packet_type, duration) pairs only
5.6 ComplexCompare, (packet_type, duration) pairs only
5.7 Results summary
A.1 SimpleCompare, duration values only
A.2 SimpleCompare, (packet_type, duration) pairs only
A.3 SimpleCompare combined.
A.4 MediumCompare, duration values only
A.5 MediumCompare, (packet_type, duration) pairs only
A.6 MediumCompare combined.
A.7 ComplexCompare, duration values only
A.8 ComplexCompare, (packet_type, duration) pairs only
A.9 ComplexCompare combined.
A.10 BayesCompare, duration values only
A.11 BayesCompare, (packet_type, duration) pairs only
A.12 BayesCompare combined.
A.13 BayesCompare-modified, duration values only
A.14 BayesCompare-modified, (packet_type, duration) pairs
only
A.15 BayesCompare-modified combined.
A.16 Results summary
C.1 Sample output from duration-print-matcher
C.2 output from: ./duration-print-grader -P
./print-db/lexie/
D Exhaustive 802.11 implementation data
Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Dr. Volpano for his
technical as well as editorial expertise. Without his help, this
work would be significantly more difficult on the reader. I would
also like to thank Joshua Wright and Mike Kershaw for their
technical input and contributions to those of us interested in
802.11 research in general. This material is based upon work
supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.
DUE0414102. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or
recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author
and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science
Foundation.
This paper is a subset of the thesis research done while attending
the Naval Postgraduate School. The entire thesis is available
at
http://www.802.11mercenary.net/~johnycsh/publications.
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